One-component self-etching adhesive

ABSTRACT

A one-part, self-etching dental adhesive having improved performance such as adhesion performance with a simple one-coat application, without the need of separate acid-etching, a priming pre-treatment, or bonding step. The invention provides such improvements due to a function of the pH balance of the system in combination with an acid stable photoinitiating system. More specifically, the performance and pH balance is achieved through the employment of a hydrolytically stable, acidic, high-strength adhesive monomer (such as PENTA), with a stable, bifunctional, hydrophilic monomer (such as AHPMA) that yields greater crosslinking.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No.11/545,669 filed Oct. 10, 2006 which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/432,928 filed May 12, 2006, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/402,127 filed Apr. 10,2006, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/244,937filed Oct. 6, 2005 which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 60/618,649 filed Oct. 14, 2004.

TECHNICAL FIELD

A one-part, self-etching dental adhesive having improved performancesuch as adhesion performance with a simple one-coat application, withoutthe need of separate acid-etching, a priming pre-treatment, or bondingstep. The invention provides such improvements due to a function of thepH balance of the system in combination with an acid stablephotoinitiating system. More specifically, the performance and pHbalance is achieved through the employment of a hydrolytically stable,acidic, high-strength adhesive monomer (such as PENTA), with a stable,bifunctional, hydrophilic monomer (such as AHPMA) that yields greatercrosslinking.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Typically, the procedure for dental composite restorations using a totaletch adhesive involves acid etching the tooth using phosphoric acidfollowed by water rinsing and drying. Subsequently, a primer is appliedand dried followed by the application of a bonding agent, which is lightcured. Finally, the composite restoration is applied, cured andpolished. Overall, there are many steps to complete a dentalrestoration. Unfortunately, with each additional step the processbecomes more difficult increasing the risk for failure. In general, theprimary goal of this project is to reduce the number of steps associatedwith the application of the dental adhesive.

In order to accomplish this objective, the number of components to beused for priming and bonding were combined into one-bottle asexemplified by the Prime & Bond® brand adhesive (Dentsply). However,etching must still be conducted prior to the application and curing ofthe single component priming. The process is further simplified bycombining the priming and etching into a one-component self-etchingsystem. For example, ClearFil SE Bond (Kuraray) is a 2-component system,which consists of a self-etching primer and bonding liquid. In this2-step system the self-etching primer is applied followed by theapplication of the bonding agent.

ClearFil SE Bond is indicated for direct light cured compositerestoration bonding only. For indirect restoration bonding, Kurarayrecommends using ClearFil Liner Bond 2V that is a multi-component(Primers A and B, Bond Liquid A and B) which involves a multi-stepapplication for self-etching adhesive system.

Similarly, Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M ESPE), a 2-component/one-pack/one-stepself-etching priming adhesive, is supplied in a unit dose blisterpackage that consists of two-predosed compartments, for the two liquidsA and B. Prompt L-Pop is only indicated for bonding direct, light curedcomposite restorations.

The 1P-SEA product developed at L.D. Caulk further simplifies thetechnique for applying dental adhesives by incorporating the etching,priming and bonding components into a single component bottle or unitdose package. More specifically, the application technique is reducedfrom the complex series of events previously described to apply, dry andcure. The Caulk 1P-SEA is differentiated from the only currentlymarketed single component self-etching adhesive (i-Bond Heraeus Kulzer),through chemistry (see Table 1 for preferred formulation and rawmaterial ranges) and performance (see Tables 2-7). It exhibitsperformance (microleakage and shear bond strength) which is superior toi-Bond and comparable to the leading 2-component systems available inthe dental market.

Ref. U.S. Pat. No. 6,387,979 by K. Hino (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Japan),issued May 14, 2002.

Abstract: A tooth treated with a bonding composition with high initialbonding strength and good bonding durability comprising a mixture ofpolymerizable compound having an acid group, a water-solublefilm-forming agent, water, and a curing agent, in which the calcium saltof the acid is insoluble in water, and the film-forming agent is apolymerizable compound miscible with a physiological saline solution,does not require any pre-treatment such as acid-etching or primingtreatment.

This patent states that the active ingredients of the composition in asingle package may degrade or polymerize while stored. To prevent this,the constituent ingredients of the composition may be divided into twoor more parts. The plural parts are separately packaged and stored indifferent packages. For their use, the plural parts taken out of theindividual packages may be applied to one and the same object insequence; or they may be blended into one mixture just before use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

1P-SEA materials according to the invention can achieve good adhesionperformance with a simple one-coat application, without the need ofusing phosphoric acid tooth gel.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

For One-component Visible Light Cure Self-Etching Adhesive (1P-SEA)according to the invention, it is indicated to bond VLCcomposite/compomer direct restorations to human teeth substrate (enameland dentine) without the need of separate acid-etching or primingpre-treatment teeth bonding step. When used with a separate Self-CureActivator component, the 1P-SEA can also bond for cemented indirectrestorations (prefabricated metal/porcelain/compositeInlays/Onlays/Veneers/Crowns/Bridges) to human teeth substrate (enameland dentine) without separate acid etching or priming pre-treatmentstep. In addition, 1P-SEA can also be used as a cavity varnish.

TABLE 1 Prototype Formulation of One-Component Self-Etching Adhesive RawFormulation Preferred Material Chemical Name CAS # Ranges % Weight UDMA2-Methyl-acrylic acid 1-methyl-2-{3,5,5- 105883-40-7  5-15 10.50trimethyl-6-[1-methyl-2-(2-methyl- acryloyloxy)-ethoxycarbonyl amino]-hexylcarbamoyloxy}-ethyl ester PENTA 2-Methyl-acrylic acid4-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)- 87699-25-0  8-20 12.802,2,3-tris-(2-methyl-acryloyloxymethyl)-3- phosphonooxymethyl-butylester HEMA 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-hydroxy-ethyl ester 868-77-9 0-5 3.20AHPMA 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 3-acryloyloxy-2-hydroxy- 1709-71-3  5-159.50 propyl ester TMPTMA 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2,2-bis-(2-methyl-3290-92-4 0-5 1.60 acryloyloxymethyl)-butyl ester L-TPO(Diphenyl-phosphinoyl)-(2,4,6-trimethyl- 75980-60-8 0.1-2.0 0.99phenyl)-methanone CQ Bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane-2,3 dione, 1,1,7-10373-78-1 0.05-0.50 0.19 trimethyl DMABN 4-Dimethylamino-benzonitrile1197-19-9 0.1-1.2 0.79 BHT Phenol, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl-4-methyl)128-37-0 0.01-0.2  0.13 CAF Hexadecyl-ammonium; fluoride 3151-59-5  0-1.0 0.30 Water Water 7732-18-5  5-20 12.60 Acetone 2-Propanone67-64-1 20-60 47.40 Total 100

Physical Properties and Characteristics

True one-component self-etching bonding agent in both bottle and unitdose package

No mixing or rinsing requirement prior to application

One-coat/One-step simple and robust technique

VLC direct bond strength equal or better than Xeno III and other2-component competitors

Indirect bond strength (when used with separate SCA component)equivalent to that of P&B NT/SCA Dual Cure adhesive

Low film thickness (<15 μm)

Fluoride releasing

Microleakage at least as good as the current P&B NT and Xeno III systems

Comparison to Competitive Products

In Vitro shear bond strength before and after thermocycling was testedon 1P-SEA and other dental adhesives. The data is shown in Tables 2, 3,4 and 7. Seven dental adhesives were selected: 1P-SEA (Dentsply), XenoIII (Dentsply), Prime & Bond NT (P&B NT, Dentsply), Prompt L-Pop (L-Pop,3M ESPE), ClearFil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray), One-up Bond F (OBF, Tokuyama),i-Bond (IB, Heraeus Kulzer).

TABLE 2 24 hour Bond Strength (MPa) of Composite to Human Enamel andDentin with Various Self-Etching Adhesives

TABLE 3 Thermal Cycled (1800X, 55/5° C.) Bond Strength* (MPa) ofComposite to Human Enamel and Dentin with Various Self-Etching Adhesives

TABLE 4 Thermal Cycled (5000X/1800X, 55/5° C.) Enamel and Dentin SBS toComposite using 1P-SEA

In general, the previous adhesion data and graphs indicate that the1P-SEA prototypes exhibit comparable performance to the leadingcurrently marketed, 2-component, self-etching adhesive products.

The single-component self-etching adhesive (1P-SEA) prototypedemonstrates an improvement to the existing commercial self-etchingadhesive products. The new self-etching adhesive material achieves goodadhesion performance with a simple one-coat application, without theneed of separate acid-etching, a priming pre-treatment, or bonding step.

1P-SEA is a light cured self-etching adhesive contained in a singlepackage (bottle or single unit-dose) which is applied onto dentin and/orenamel surfaces to bond direct light cure composite restorations. The1P-SEA is easily differentiated from the prior art which divides theactive ingredients of the composition into two or more parts (indifferent packages) to avoid composition degradation or polymerization.The 1P-SEA is designed to overcome the single package storage stabilityissues through optimization of the formulation to provide competitiveself-etching adhesion performance without presenting the stabilityissues commonly associated with other self-etching adhesives containedin a single package.

The improved performance in conjunction with other feature/benefitspreviously identified in the 1P-SEA is a function of the pH balance ofthe system in combination with an acid stable photoinitiating system.More specifically, the performance and pH balance is achieved primarilythrough the employment of the hydrolytically stable, acidic,high-strength adhesive monomer (PENTA), with a stable, bifunctional,hydrophilic monomer (AHPMA) that yields greater crosslinking.

Optimally, a minimal amount of water has been incorporated into awater-miscible polar aprotic organic solvent, e.g., acetone tofacilitate etching. In addition, micro- or nanosized fillers andfluoride-releasing agents can also be incorporated into the 1P-SEAcomposition to enhance performance and inhibit secondary caries throughreleasing fluoride.

Optionally, a separate self-curing activator component can be utilizedwith the 1P-SEA to facilitate the use of this product for indirect selfcure applications (prefabricated metal/porcelain/compositeInlays/Onlays/Veneers/Crowns/Bridges). The 1P-SEA exhibits superiorbonding performance over other single component self-etching (prior art)products. More specifically, the 1P-SEA yields high initial andsustained long-term bonding performance (enamel bond strength ≧20 MPaand dentin bond strength ≧15 MPa). As previously discussed, the new1P-SEA product achieves good adhesion with a simple “one-coat” one-stepapplication technique, without separate acid-etching or priming.

The bonding performance of the 1P-SEA is sustained after excessivethermal stressing (5000 cycles at 55° C.). In addition, this product hasdemonstrated excellent shelf storage stability withstanding 3 weeks at50° C. without a significant decrease in performance while -Bond(Kulzer), the only commercial single-component SEA gelled after storageat 50 248C for a week. In comparison with current commercialself-etching adhesive products, the 1P-SEA exhibits comparable orsuperior bonding performance, storage stability and shelf life.

Table 5 shows 24-hr dentin shear bond strength of 1P-SEA after storageat different temperatures and for different time duration. Table 6compares bond strength of three different experimental 1P-SEA differingonly in aromatic amines. DHEPT and EDAB are two most commonly usedco-initiators for CQ. The formulations containing either DHEPT or EDABdid not lead to acceptable balanced properties. Only the formulationincorporating DMABN exhibits the superior balance of bond strength,storage stability and compatibility with different curing lights, e.g.,QTH light and LED light. DMABN is the first time ever used in any dentaladhesive.

TABLE 5 24 hr Dentin SBS of 1P-SEA in MPa (Mean ± Stdev.) Time (week)37° C. 45° C. 50° C. 60° C. 0 17.6 ± 5.2 17.6 ± 5.2 17.6 ± 5.2 17.6 ±5.2 1 NT NT NT 18.8 ± 7.5 1.5 NT NT NT 17.5 ± 4.6 2 NT NT 17.8 ± 5.812.3 ± 4.2 3 NT 19.4 ± 9.2 18.1 ± 7.2 10.8 ± 3.5 3.5 NT 16.6 ± 3.8 17.9± 6.8 NT 4 NT 17.8 ± 5.1 8.2 (2.2) NT 6 16.8 ± 7.0 15.0 ± 5.6 NT NT 7 NT16.7 ± 5.0 NT NT 8 24.0 ± 2.8 17.5 ± 5.2 NT NT 10 15.5 ± 4.8  7.3 ± 3.9NT NT 11 17.5 ± 4.6 NT NT NT 12 12.7 ± 3.8 NT NT NT

TABLE 6 24 hr Shear Bond Strength of 1P-SEA Containing DifferentCo-initiators 1P-SEA containing 1P-SEA containing 1P-SEA containingSample I.D. DMABN DHEPT EDAB Human Dentin RT stored QTH Light 23.2 (3.9)NT 17.0 (7.5) SBS (MPa): LED Light 22.0 (4.0) NT 15.6 (5.7) Mean (SD)50° C. 3 weeks QTH Light 15.3 (4.2) NT 14.5 (6.9) LED Light 15.8 (6.1)NT 16.8 (6.8) Human Enamel RT stored QTH Light 26.4 (5.3) 13.5 (6.7)32.7 (7.2) SBS (MPa): LED Light 32.0 (3.0) NT 30.1 (7.3) Mean (SD) 50°C. 3 weeks QTH Light 26.7 (5.3) NT  7.6 (2.0) LED Light 35.3 (7.9) NT 24.8 (13.3)

SEA exhibits excellent shear bond strength on both dentin and enamelwhen used with Self-Cure Activator to bond resin cements (i.e. Calibra).Table 7 illustrates that SEA has improved bonding performance incomparison to Prime & Bond NT for bonding Calibra to tooth substrates.

TABLE 7 24 hr Indirect Bond Strength of Self-cure Calibra to Human Teeth

Packaging Addendum

The minimum design specifications for SEA require a unit-dose packagingformat similar to the system currently used for Prime & Bond® NT.Dentsply International, under U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,816 has patented thissystem (packaging), Waltz, et al., as of Apr. 16, 2002. The idealrequirements for packaging are defined as “integral brush unit-dose” (IBunit-dose). Patent application Ser. No. 10/668,946, Pierson, et al.,Sep. 23, 2003, has been submitted for the IB unit-dose packaging undercase number LDC-922-E.

1. A one-part, self-etching dental adhesive comprising a hydrolyticallystable, acidic, high-strength adhesive monomer and a stable,bifunctional, hydrophilic monomer.
 2. An adhesive as in claim 1, whereinsaid acidic monomer is PENTA.
 3. An adhesive as in claim 1, wherein saidbifunctional, hydrophilic monomer is AHPMA.